Avaliação físico-química de filés de peito de frango adicionados de sal, tripolifosfato de sódio e proteína isolada de soja

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências dos Alimentos, Florianópolis, 2009Filés de peito de frango foram adicionados de salmouras contendo proteína isolada de soja (PIS), tripolifosfato de sódio (TPS) e sal (NaCl), com o objetivo de avaliar as características físico-químicas das carnes. Em cada um dos oito tratamentos realizados, trinta filés passaram por injeção em máquina múltiplo-injetora e posterior tambleamento, onde foram adicionadas salmouras com proporções de 4 % ou 8 % de PIS e 5 % ou 10 % de uma mistura contendo 65 % de TPS e 35 % de sal. Foram feitas avaliações gravimétricas para obtenção do percentual de absorção de salmoura pelos cortes e, após o congelamento e armazenamento dos cortes, realizou-se análises físico-químicas de pH, umidade, proteína, gordura, cinzas, sódio e fosfato. Para a avaliação estatística dos resultados, foi realizada a análise de variância (ANOVA) complementada pelo Teste de Comparações Múltiplas de Tukey. Os dados de absorção média nos oito tratamentos variaram de 6,70 % a 9,24 %. Quanto às análises físico-químicas, realizadas em um conjunto de cinco filés escolhidos aleatoriamente, as amostras apresentaram resultados de pH que variaram de 5,96 a 6,28; umidade de 75,64 g/100g a 77,34 g/100g, proteína de 20,55 g/100g a 21,68 g/100g e relação umidade/proteína (RUP) de 3,49 a 3,75; gordura de 0,69 g/100g a 1,47 g/100g; cinzas de 0,99 g/100g a 1,67 g/100g; sódio de 62,40 mg/100g a 395,08 mg/100g; e fosfato de 494,64 mg/100g e 730,31 mg/100g. Os dados gravimétricos não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. As análises de umidade, proteína, RUP e gordura, apesar de fornecerem resultados diferentes significativamente (p<0,05), não demonstraram a influência do tipo de salmoura adicionada. Os valores de cinzas, sódio e fosfato apresentaram diferença significativa (p<0,05) e mostraram correlação com o tipo de salmoura adicionada. Estas três últimas análises foram capazes de fornecer indícios de fraude por adição ilegal dos tipos de salmouras utilizadas no presente estudo.Fillet of chicken breast were added to brine containing different percentages of soy protein isolate (SPI), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) and salt (NaCl). The samples were used to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of meat. In each one of the eight treatments, thirty fillets were injected with a multiple needle injection machine and than were tumbled, using brines containing 4 % or 8 % of SPI and 5 % or 10 % of a mixture with 65 % of STPP and 35 % of salt. The cuts assessments were made in order to obtain the percentage brine absorption by the cuts. After freezing and storage, physicochemical analysis of pH, moisture, protein, fat, ash, sodium and phosphate had been also evaluated. For statistical evaluation of the results the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed in complement to the Tukey range test. The data of average absorption in eight treatments ranged from 6.70 % to 9.24 %. A pool of five randomly chosen fillets was conduced for physical and chemical analysis. The results of the samples showed that pH ranged from 5.96 to 6.28; moisture of 75.64 g/100g to 77.34 g/100g, protein of 20, 55 g/100g to 21.68 g/100g and relative moisture / protein from 3.49 to 3.75; fat of 0.69 g/100g to 1.47 g/100g; ash content from 0.99 g/100g to 1.67 g/100g; sodium from 62.40 mg/100g to 395.08 mg/100g; and phosphate of 494.64 mg/100g to 730.31 mg/100g. The gravimetric data showed no significant difference. The analysis of moisture, protein, and fat did not appear to be influenced by the type of brine added, although the results were significantly different (p <0.05). The values of ash, sodium and phosphate were significant difference (p <0.05) and showed correlation with the type of brine added. These last three evaluations were able to provide evidence of fraud by illegal addition of the types of brine used in this study

Análise de sensibilidade de parâmetros elétricos de linhas de transmissão dependentes na freqüência

In this work a large sensitivity analysis of longitudinal and transversal electrical parameters of a three-phase transmission line in frequency domain was performed. An actual 440 kV transmission line was used as reference. In sensitivity analysis, the following line characteristics were varied: ground wires diameter, phase conductors diameter, height of conductors, horizontal distance among phases and vertical spacing within external phase bundle. For each line characteristic, the performance of electrical parameters in frequency domain, in terms of primitive and modal matrices was observed.Neste trabalho foi realizada uma extensa análise de sensibilidade dos parâmetros elétricos longitudinais e transversais de uma linha de transmissão trifásica em função da freqüência. Uma linha real de 440 kV foi utilizada como base para a parametrização. Na análise de sensibilidade variaram-se as seguintes características da linha: diâmetro dos cabos pára-raios, diâmetros dos condutores fase, altura dos condutores, distância horizontal entre as fases e geometria dos feixes das fases. Para cada variação, observou-se o comportamento dos parâmetros em termos das parcelas das matrizes primitivas e em termos de componentes modais. Em relação à modelagem, o trabalho contribuirá para o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias e de fórmulas simplificadas para cálculo de parâmetros aplicado a análise de transitórios de manobra.33534

EDUCAÇÃO ÉTNICO-RACIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL

O presente estudo apresenta como objetivo abordar a temática da educação étnico-racial na inclusão no currículo da educação infantil, na perspectiva do Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica - PARFOR. Considera-se que esta se apresenta ainda muito abrangente, conforme o documento da definição dos conteúdos mínimos a oferecer para todas as crianças em nível nacional. Por meio de entrevistas realizadas com professoras alunas do PARFOR constata-se que a temática apresenta lacunas para que a escola cumpra seu papel em trabalhar com as crianças a questão da desigualdade. A análise ao constatar a formação recebida pelas alunas, bem como a atuação delas na Educação Infantil considera que as percepções construídas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa a partir da teoria e da prática caminham além do que propõe o PARFOR

Comparison of Multi-Sample Variant Calling Methods for Whole Genome Sequencing

Rapid advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has facilitated the search for genetic susceptibility factors that influence disease risk in the field of human genetics. In particular whole genome sequencing (WGS) has been used to obtain the most comprehensive genetic variation of an individual and perform detailed evaluation of all genetic variation. To this end, sophisticated methods to accurately call high-quality variants and genotypes simultaneously on a cohort of individuals from raw sequence data are required. On chromosome 22 of 818 WGS data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), which is the largest WGS related to a single disease, we compared two multi-sample variant calling methods for the detection of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and short insertions and deletions (indels) in WGS: (1) reduce the analysis-ready reads (BAM) file to a manageable size by keeping only essential information for variant calling ("REDUCE") and (2) call variants individually on each sample and then perform a joint genotyping analysis of the variant files produced for all samples in a cohort ("JOINT"). JOINT identified 515,210 SNVs and 60,042 indels, while REDUCE identified 358,303 SNVs and 52,855 indels. JOINT identified many more SNVs and indels compared to REDUCE. Both methods had concordance rate of 99.60% for SNVs and 99.06% for indels. For SNVs, evaluation with HumanOmni 2.5M genotyping arrays revealed a concordance rate of 99.68% for JOINT and 99.50% for REDUCE. REDUCE needed more computational time and memory compared to JOINT. Our findings indicate that the multi-sample variant calling method using the JOINT process is a promising strategy for the variant detection, which should facilitate our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of human diseases

Topography and Microhardness Changes of Nanofilled Resin Composite Restorations Submitted to Different Finishing and Polishing Systems and Erosive Challenge

Objective: To evaluate the topography and microhardness of composite resin restorations submitted to different finishing and polishing systems before and after erosive challenge. Material and Methods: Thirty standardized cavities prepared in enamel-dentin blocks of bovine incisors were restored&nbsp; with&nbsp; Z350 composite resin, and randomly distributed into three groups (n=10) according to the finishing and polishing systems: G1 = Soflex 4 steps, G2 = Soflex Spiral 2 steps and G3 = PoGo (single step). The specimens were half protected with nail varnish and submitted to five immersions in Pepsi Twist®, for 10 minutes each, five times/day during six consecutive days. The initial and final challenge surface microhardness (SMHinitial and SMHfinal) of the composite resin was evaluated and the percentage of SMH loss (%SMHL) was calculated. After protection removal, the topographic change linear (Ra) and volumetric (Sa) roughness was evaluated in initial and final areas by using 3D non-contact optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed by paired Student's t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: There was significant intra-group %SMHL in composite resin (p&lt;0.05). Differences among groups in %SMHL, Ra/Sa in resin composite were not observed (p&gt;0.05). SEM images revealed structural changes between the initial and final surfaces for all groups. Conclusion: The three types of finishing and polishing systems had a similar influence on %SMHL, Ra and Sa in the nanofilled composite resin

Molecular dynamics simulation of gallium phosphide zincblende cutting mechanism

Gallium Phosphide (GaP) has a low machinability, due to high tool wear and the need to induce a High-Pressure Phase Transformation (HPPT). HPPT changes GaP crystallographic structure from zincblende to β-tin. The latter is ductile and metastable, therefore, rather than be experimentally observably, must be simulated using atomistic methods. In this work, Classic Molecular Dynamics Simulations (CMDS) were used to analyse GaP HPPT and tool wear mechanisms during the cutting process. Diamond tools were modelled with 10 nm cutting edge radius, -20º and -10º rake angles, and -10º clearance angle. The simulations revealed that the main shear mechanism involved stacking faults, planar dislocations within the crystal structure, while HPPT had a limited role, being restricted to the deformation zone. A more significant surface crack and tool amorphization were observed for a rake angle -10º

BURDEN OF FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF CANCER PATIENTS IN PALLIATIVE CARE

Objective: To analyze the correlation between the burden of family caregivers of cancer patients in Palliative Care and the variables gender, age, health problems, and length of care.Method: Descriptive correlational study with a non-probabilistic sample of 147 family caregivers at the Oncological Palliative Care Clinic in 2021 in Belém do Pará - Brazil. The Zarit Overload Scale was used to collect data, with descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.Results: 86 (58.5%) of the caregivers were female, 66 (44.9%) caregivers felt "Very overloaded", and 104 (70.7%) had Moderate to Severe overload. There was no consistency in concluding that the variables gender, age group, health problems, or length of care had a statistically significant relationship (p>0.05).Conclusion: It is hoped that the results will contribute to increasing knowledge of the subject, supporting care practice, and formulating public policies to meet the needs of caregivers of family members who are ill with cancer

A literatura na escola: escolhas de jovens leitores

Este artigo pretende apresentar os primeiros resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou investigar quais são as escolhas de leitura de jovens estudantes do Ensino Médio, particularmente aquelas relativas ao universo da ficção e da Literaturacanônica. Somam-se a esses, dados relativos aos motivos do desinteresse pela leitura de literatura bem como as motivações que aproximariam o jovem dos livros. Vinculada aos estudos do letramento literário, a pesquisa pretende contribuir com as discussões acerca da formação de leitores na escola, com foco nas práticas de ensino e promoção da leitura